Some clinically important members of the Chlamydiaceae family include Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila psittaci [1].
Chlamydia
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Mycobacterium Leprae
In 1873, Hansen discovered Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium responsible for leprosy. While leprosy is rare in the United States, Brazil and the Indian subcontinent account for most global cases [1]. Notably, within the U.S., California and Hawaii report the most cases, predominantly among immigrants from Mexico, Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Islands [2].
Leptospira Interrogans
Leptospira interrogans is the causative agent of leptospirosis, a ubiquitous zoonotic disease. In the United States, the majority of cases occur in Hawaii, with seasonal peaks coinciding with increased recreational activities during warmer months.
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent for tuberculosis. Individuals who are not born in the U.S., the homeless, substance abusers, prisoners, and those with compromised immune systems, such as those living with HIV, face an elevated risk of infection.
Coxiella Burnetii
Coxiella burnetii is an intracellular pathogen with a slow replication rate that belongs to the Coxiellaceae family and is responsible for causing an arthropods-transmitted disease known as Q fever.
Rickettsia
Rickettsia genus includes the spotted fever group (Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia sibirica) and the typhus group (Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia typhi, Orientia tsutsugamushi).
Bacteroides Fragilis
Bacteroides fragilis is a clinically important member of the Bacteroidaceae family. Other notable microbes within this group include Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides distasonis, and Bacteroides vulgatus.
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen [1] that is resistant to a wide range of antibiotics [2]. Consequently, hospitalized patients and individuals with suppressed immune systems are at risk of pseudomonas infections [2].
Escherichia Coli
Escherichia coli belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family [1] and is a notable member of normal microbial flora [2]. It is not only the most frequently detected gram-negative rod in septic patients but also a leading cause of community-acquired urinary tract...
Campylobacter Jejuni
Staining and Microbiologic Features:Â Â C. Jejuni is an S-shaped rod that is non-spore forming and exhibits gram-negative staining [1]. C. Jejuni flourishes in an environment with lowered oxygen levels (5-7%) and heightened carbon dioxide levels (5-10%), with optimal...