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Losing Control

The hardest patients to take care of are the ones my age. When a young 30 something guy with Cystic Fibrosis comes for surgery because he can’t breathe right, it is like a Chuck Norris kick to the gut. They say when Chuck Norris kicks you in the gut; your stomach...

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The Tryptophan Operon – A Repressible Operon System

The tryptophan operon is a repressible operon system found in bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, that regulates the production of the amino acid tryptophan. This operon consists of genes necessary for tryptophan synthesis. When tryptophan levels are low, the operon is active, allowing for the production of tryptophan. Conversely, when tryptophan is abundant, it binds to the repressor protein, activating it. The activated repressor then binds to the operator region of the operon, inhibiting gene expression and halting tryptophan production.

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Introduction to Restrictive Lung Diseases

Definition Restrictive lung diseases are usually chronic, diffused, lung interstitial diseases, usually effecting the most peripheral and delicate interstitium of the alveolar walls. What is pulmonary Interstitium? Pulmonary interstitium is composed of basement...

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The Human Genome Project

The genome is the ultimate source of information about an organism. Advances in genetic engineering techniques made it possible for the scientists to isolate and clone DNA pieces and determine nucleotide sequences of these genome. After the development of practical...

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Ventricular Action Potentials

Ventricular action potentials are electrical impulses generated by the ventricular cells of the heart, crucial for initiating and coordinating the contraction of the ventricles. These action potentials have five distinct phases (0 to 4), each characterized by specific ion movements across the cell membrane.

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