Category

Articles

CVS Physiology Lecture # 19 Study Notes: Autonomic Control of Nodal Action Potential

The autonomic control of nodal action potentials refers to the regulation of the electrical activity in the specialized cardiac cells known as nodal cells, particularly in the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node, by the autonomic nervous system. This intricate control mechanism, facilitated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, plays a critical role in modulating heart rate and cardiac function.

read more

Study Notes Lecture # 8: Histology of Blood Vessels

The histology of blood vessels involves the microscopic study of the structure and composition of different types of blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries are characterized by their thick, muscular walls comprising three layers: the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa. The tunica intima is composed of endothelial cells supported by a thin layer of connective tissue.

read more

Lecture # 2 Study Notes: Atrial Development & Congenital Defects

Atrial development is a crucial process during embryogenesis, involving the formation of the two upper chambers of the heart, the right atrium, and the left atrium. These chambers play a fundamental role in receiving deoxygenated blood from the body and oxygenated blood from the lungs, respectively. Congenital defects related to atrial development are abnormalities that occur during the embryonic stages, leading to structural malformations in the atrial septum.

read more

Lecture # 1 Study Notes: Heart Tubes

Heart tubes, critical in the early stages of embryonic development, are the primitive structures that later give rise to the complex organ, the heart. Emerging during the third week of gestation, these rudimentary tubes undergo a series of intricate morphological changes, leading to the formation of the four-chambered heart. The transformation from a simple linear structure to a sophisticated, functional pump involves a complex interplay of genetic, molecular, and mechanical cues.

read more

Lecture # 6 Study Notes: Fetal Circulation and Shunts

Fetal circulation refers to the unique circulatory system present in a developing fetus. This system is distinct from the postnatal circulatory system and is crucial for the proper development of the fetus during gestation. Fetal circulation is characterized by specific shunts and structures that enable the redirection of blood flow to bypass certain non-functioning organs and facilitate the exchange of gases and nutrients between the fetus and the mother.

read more
Loading...